Objective: The aim was to evaluate Skyroom’s user interface, and to find its strengths and weaknesses.Methodology: The study was an applied one. To evaluate the user interface, the heuristic method was used. In a heuristic study, 3 to 15 experts evaluate the user interface. In this study, 10 software expert evaluators from the Computer Center of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) evaluated the Skyroom's user interface based on Nielsen criteria. Data collection tools included a checklist and a researcher-made questionnaire based on Nielsen’s ten criteria. In the study, after the checklist filled in by the researchers, and the questionnaire were filled in by the experts, an interview was conducted with them through Skyroom program. Its strengths and weaknesses were revealed in the interview. Findings: In the study, 12 major strengths and 17 major weaknesses were revealed in the Skyroom's user interface. The findings also showed that 66% of the criteria were met, but the severity of compliance with the criteria was 2.61 out of 5, which was at a moderate level with 95% confidence. Also, its user interface had a fundamental problem in the criteria of “error prevention (error correction)”, “flexibility and efficiency of use” and “documentation”, as well as "limiting the choices", "offering a choice", "creating history and content previously visited", "having shortcuts for professionals", "teaching shortcuts for newcomers to learn" and so on, and needs paying more attention.Originality: According to experts, the problems explored can be problematic for the program and may also cause user boredom, confusion and ultimately their non-use. Therefore, it is recommended that Skyroom developers solves the explored problems.

Deep-sea vessels use various navigational aids like AIS (automatic identification system), ECDIS (electronic chart display and information system), radar, GPS (global positioning system), and etc. vessels use AIS to communicate their navigational characteristics, destinations, and load information. Such data are very helpful for vessel officers; therefore, AIS can be used for communicating the name and position of the vessel as well as navigational signs in the port area. So, this system is very helpful in improving the quality of pilotage as well as improving the safety of navigation in canals like Khur Musa.

Introduction: One of the active methods of teaching is peer education. Considering that one of the expected abilities of master's degree students in health education is teaching, this study was conducted with the aim of designing, implementing, and evaluating a virtual peer education program for students. Materials & Methods: This study was carried out in 2021-2022 in two academic years at the Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, for master's students in education and health promotion in the course "Educational Technologies" based on the ADDIE educational design model. The steps of this model include analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, all of which were done by the student under the supervision of the teacher. Eight virtual contents were provided by students as peer education for other students. Each content was between 30 and 45 minutes, which was compiled based on the lesson plan and educational goals. In this process, input, process, and outcome were evaluated. Four levels of Kirkpatrick's model were used to evaluate the outcome. Results: Eight students participated in this study. In the first level of Kirkpatrick (students' reaction), the average score was 18.17 ± 0.54. In the second level of learning, the average pre-test score was 12.5 ± 3.5 and the average final exam score was 17.95 ± 1.02. In the third level or skills, the average score for how to conduct needs assessment was 18.5 ± 0.73, from the educational design, was 18.8 ± 0.51, from the of preparation and implementation of educational content and virtual teaching was 17.75 ± 0.92 and in the fourth level of Kirkpatrick, the average skills score in virtual education to people were 18.25 ± 1.50. Conclusion: Virtual peer education is an effective way to improve the knowledge and skills of and in the digital age, it can be used alongside face-to-face training. This study helped to improve the virtual teaching skills in students of health education and promotion.

Background: Suboptimal health status (SHS) has become a public health issue and virtual exercise could bridge health disparities across borders. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a home-based virtual group exercise intervention among Asian women. Methods: A total of 370 participants were recruited from a health social network across five regions globally. Six months of group exercise was delivered virtually 40 minutes per time every other day, with the instruction of staff from the health social network. Women completed baseline assessments of SHS, physical health, mental well-being, social interaction, and grit. The follow-up survey was carried out after the intervention. Results: The home-based virtual group exercise showed an increase in social interaction in pre–post comparisons. The improvement of SHS was only significant in the participants who exercised frequently (i. e., attended the group exercise more than three times per week), indicating the intervention effects under higher intensity of group exercise. Conclusion: Our study addresses the previous limitations of traditional in-person exercise programs and provides opportunities for people to participate in exercise at home, particularly when outdoor activity is limited. The effects may provide insight into the development of novel interventions in the context of health promotion.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) has found a special place as an innovative tool in the field of therapy, especially for the treatment of specific phobias, including the fear of flying (aviophobia), and allows people to gradually and safely face the fear factor. Traditional treatments for fear of flying, despite their effectiveness, often have implementation challenges and can cause a lot of anxiety for people. Although the potential of VR in the treatment of specific phobias and aviophobia is promising, there are significant research gaps in the design, validation, and long-term effectiveness of VR programs. Most of the previous researches have focused on investigating the feasibility of using VR, and questions about the optimal configuration of the program and the individual characteristics of the user that can influence the effectiveness and sustainability of the results remain unanswered. Aims: The present study aimed to validate a virtual reality (VR) program to reduce the fear of flying. Methods: In the initial phase, this research was of an exploratory-descriptive type, and in the preliminary implementation phase, it was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study sample consisted of 26 individuals in 2023-2024 who were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental (13 people) and control (13 people) groups. The research instruments included the Fear of Flying Questionnaire (FFQ-II) and a virtual reality (VR) program. Analysis of variance (mixed or mixed) was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups regarding fear of flying at the level of P < 0. 001. Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study showed that the virtual reality (VR) program was effective in reducing the fear of flying.

Background and Objective: Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among different societies around the world for which some diagnostic modalities have been developed. With CT colonography there is the possibility of observing extracolonic findings which might have significant clinical importance. Here we evaluated the frequencies of extracolonic findings. Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed from 2016 to 2019 in Isfahan on 402 patients with colon problems who had CT colonography imaging. Data regarding on extracolonic findings with moderate to significant importance were collected by questionnaire from patients ct reports and analyzed. Results: There were significant relationships between total extracolonic findings and findings with moderate importance like: (Abdominal aortic aneurysm below5, Ovarian lesion possibly just a cyst, Lung nodule. Hydronephrosis likely chronic puj, Mesenteric penniculitis, Pancreas cysts, Psoas asymmetry Small pericardial effusion, Small kidney possible renal artery stenosis, Mild porcelain gallbladder) as well as with age These findings were more frequent at older ages (P <0. 001). Discussion: Generally, these results indicated that CT colonography in patients with colon problems especially patients at older ages might lead to find extracolonic findings with high importance like: ( Possible malignancy e, g lung or solid organ mass lymphadenopathy, Abdominal aortic aneurysm more than 5, Bone fracture, Adrenal hemmorhage, Pneumonia, Considerable hydronephrosis, Bone lesion Appendix mucinous tumour, Diverticulitis with abcess or perfusion, Severe porcelain gall bladder).

Background and Aims: Overlapping of the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth in the panoramic radiography is a major concern. Therefore, an option has been developed in the panoramic unit of Planmeca Promax, namely improved interproximal mode. This mode causes lower horizental angle with the teeth contact region during the unit rotation decreasing overlapping of the panoramic images of the posterior teeth especially premolar teeth. The present study was done to compare the overlapping of posterior teeth using two techniques of improved interproximal panoramic program and standard panoramic.Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic study, 32 patients requiring panoramic radiographies at their posterior teeth during their routine diagnosis and treatment process with the mean age of 27.3 years were participated. No patients showed crowding of posterior teeth or missed and restored posterior teeth. The participants' panoramic radiographies were randomly taken by two techniques of improved interproximal panoramic and standard panoramic using Planmeca Promax device. The overlapping of the panoramic images was blindly assessed by an oral radiologist. The overlapping in both techniques was reported by frequency and percentage. The comparisons were done by Chi-square test between two techniques and the odds ratio of overlapping was estimated using regression analysis.Results: In standard panoramic techniques, 38.5% (148 contacts of 384 contacts) of the proximal surfaces overlapped while the overlapping of the proximal surfaces was observed in 18.8% (72 contacts of 384 overall contacts) in improved interproximal technique. Significant differences were noted between two techniques regarding overlapping (P<0.001). Also 66.4% and 39.1% of 4-5 teeth contacts overlapped in standard and improved techniques. The values were reported to be 39.1% and 12.5% in contacts of 5-6 teeth and 10.2% and 4.7% in the contacts of 6-7 teeth in both techniques, respectively. The overlapping odds ratio in improved technique as compared to standard techniques was 2.72 more. While the odds ratio of overlapping in the contact regions of 4-5 and 5-6 teeth was 16.4 and 4.61 as compared to the contact region of 6-7 teeth (all: P<0.001). The lower or upper jaw with the patients' mouth side did not significantly influence the overlapping of the proximal surfaces in both panoramic techniques.Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study, improved interproximal panoramic significantly reduced the overlapping of proximal surfaces in the panoramic radiographies of posterior teeth as compared to the standard panoramic technique. Therefore, it can be used to detect proximal caries in the posterior teeth as a diagnostic tool. Using this option may affect other part of panoramic image which should be investigated in other research.